2026-01-08 · 供应链分析

分析$AXTI在InP衬底供应链的垄断瓶颈地位及非对称投资机会。

涉及标的： $AXTI $COHR $GOOGL $LITE $MSFT $NVDA

中文翻译

磷化铟(InP)衬底的可寻址市场(TAM)此前仅为数亿美元，因为它是一种小众的电信大宗商品。大多数分析师或卖方报告建模错误，因为其增长并非线性。这是$AXTI在那些渴望获得配额的全球万亿美元级公司之间，对一种关键材料形成的博弈论式供应瓶颈。你可以看到，一旦$AXTI和InP的供应短缺启动，其远期TAM和利润率将像高带宽内存(HBM)一样呈指数级增长。我之前做过这个评论，以下是总结： 1. 7N铟原料的价格在上海有色网(SMM)开始飙升，我们看到亚洲供应链与西方供应链（$AXTI出口至西方，推高其尚未积压的未来利润率）之间的分化。 12月19日：亚洲金属网报道“铟锭供应商提高美国报价”，标志着西方定价特定分化的开始。 2025年12月24日：随后报道“铟锭供应商提高中国报价”，证实到周末定价压力已在国内和出口渠道固化。这影响InP衬底生产商的底线，但$AXTI拥有整个成本结构/供应链，因此任何价格上涨仅有利于其利润率。 2. 超大规模云服务商/西方供应链已经为衬底支付溢价。在$NVDA从$LITE、$COHR等公司锁定外延生长激光二极管(EML)产能后，他们已产能紧张。 -> 我们已看到$MSFT和其他超大规模云服务商的部署因产能问题而放缓。 -> 他们将向上游确保材料（此前因是电信大宗商品而极便宜），然后这就像HBM一样变成博弈论式的配额战。但除了$AXTI，你基本上没有其他能大规模生产的公司。例如，$GOOGL尤其依赖于此，仅$MSFT的Maia项目若全面铺开预计将占用全球两位数的产能，但实际上根本不够。 3. 最关键的是日本InP衬底供应链受到出口管制，当住友/JX方面的材料耗尽时，$AXTI实际上成为最大的InP衬底供应商。这纯粹是关于在光子AI升级中，你会如何评估单一公司的单点故障价值。我们可以争论语义，但如果它倒下，整个供应链也会随之崩溃。例如，CEO表示在出口管制前（以及他们筹集1亿美元增加产能前），他们占InP供应链的40%。而这个巨大的整个AI供应链瓶颈仅估值13亿美元，而一些没有实质影响的随机量子公司却价值100多亿美元。由于没人知道衬底或原料价格会去向何方，很难准确建模那些TAM突然从数亿变为用于每个AI部署的瓶颈和目标价(PT)。对我来说，这只是买入拥有最纯粹非对称性博弈的瓶颈（现在恰好是垄断）。

英文原文

TAM for InP substrates was few hundred million previously since it was a niche telecom commodity. Most analysts or charters model this wrong since it's not linear. It's a game theory supply bottleneck of a critical material that $AXTI controls between all the world's trillion dollar companies that are desperate for allocation. You can see both forward TAM and margins increase exponentially like HBM once supply shortage kicks in for $AXTI and InP. I made this comment earlier but this is a summary: 1. Price of 7n Indium feedstock has started to spike on SMM and we're seeing bifurcation between asian supply chains + western ( $AXTI exports to western, which inflates their future margins that aren't already backlogged) Dec 19th: Asian Metal reported that "Indium ingot suppliers raise offering prices in United States," marking the beginning of the specific divergence in Western pricing. December 24, 2025: They subsequently reported that "Suppliers of indium ingot raise quotes in China," confirming that the pricing pressure had solidified across both domestic and export channels by the end of the week. This affects the bottom line of InP substrate producers, but $AXTI owns the entire cost structure/supply chain so any price increases just benefit their margins. 2. Hyperscalers/Western supply chains pay premiums for substrates already. They are capacity strained after $NVDA secured EML capacity from $LITE, $COHR, and others. -> We're already seeing slowdown for $MSFT and other hyperscaler deployments likely because of capacity. -> They will go upstream to secure materials (which are extremely cheap, bc earlier they were commodities for telecom), then this just becomes game theory allocation wars like HBM. But instead of sk hynix, mu, samsung, and the others. You basically only have $AXTI left that can do it at scale. EG. $GOOGL especially is heavily dependent on this, and $MSFT alone from maia was est. to take up double digits of the world's capacity if they wanted to ramp up, but there's literally not enough. 3. The biggest thing was that the Japanese InP substrate supply chain got export controlled, effectively making $AXTI the largest InP substrate provider when materials run out on the Sumitomo/JX side. This is just pure what value would you place on single company point of failure on the photonics AI ramp. We can argue semantics but if it goes down the entire supply chain does too. eg. CEO was saying they were 40% of inp supply chain before export controls (and before their $100M fundraise to increase capacity). And this huge bottleneck of the entire AI supply chain is valued at $1.3B, while random quantum companies with no material impact are worth $10B+. It's impossible to accurately model bottlenecks and PTs where the few hundred million TAM is suddenly used for every single AI deployment because nobody knows where the substrate or feedstock pricing goes. For me it's just buying into the bottleneck with the purest asymmetry play there is (which happens to be a monopoly now).

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