· 个股论点

Snapchat通过存储变现降本增效,预计FCF大增,估值有望重估。

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中文翻译

Snapchat 投资论点:一只被看空的股票如何重估为买入。 $SNAP 完成了关键转折,将其最大支出项转变为收入来源。 与 $META、$RDDT 相比,SNAP 要实现增长需要做两件事。 而……Snapchat 终于做到了其中一件。 那就是: 1. 变现“回忆”(存储)——潜在 50%+ 的上涨空间。 2. 通过公开 Web 应用 + TikTok 式信息流与 TikTok 竞争(1000%+ 上涨空间) Snapchat 终于通过第 1 点完成了转折,将其最大的运营支出 (OPEX) 变成了收入来源:他们实现了存储变现并删除了浪费的存储。 Snap 每季度收入 13.5 亿美元,且以健康速度增长,拥有 10 亿+ 月活跃用户 (MAU)。尽管收入数字庞大,但他们并未盈利。为什么? 因为像我这样无数人存储了 10 年前拍摄的 GB 级视频。Snapchat 一直在免费支付 Google Cloud 来存储所有这些内容。Google Cloud 的成本每个季度都严重侵蚀其净利润。 因此,随着这一最新变化——向用户收费(类似 iCloud)以获取存储,这是一个巨大的新收入来源, 同时在大幅降低运营支出 (OpEx) 的基础上,Snapchat 刚刚获得了重估。 _云成本细分_ Snap 的云基础设施是其最大成本之一,历史上每年超过 24 亿美元(收入成本)。 其中大部分是“回忆”和视频等功能的存储 + 带宽。 回忆 + 视频档案 ≈ 云支出的 35-40%(估算) ~90% 的用户在 5GB 限额以下(无成本变化),但 10% 的重度用户持有大部分存储数据 _如果 Snap 删除 ~50% 的现有存储数据(非付费用户的旧视频/照片)_ 结果: 24 亿美元的 40% = 9.6 亿美元与回忆相关的云成本基线 重度用户存储减少 50% ~ 4.8 亿美元节省(激进估算) 考虑到数据迁移、部分重新分配、杂项: -> Snap 可能 realistically 实现其中的 ~40%,即每年节省 ~1.8-2 亿美元运营支出 (OPEX) 这直接转化为营业利润 + 自由现金流 (FCF),因为这是纯粹的成本削减。 _付费存储收入(小用户群场景)_ 假设只有少量用户付费——远低于 iCloud 的 60% 采用率: MAU:~9 亿,付费用户:2%(~1800 万) 平均计划:2.49 美元/月(大多数在 1.99 或 3.99 美元层级) 每用户平均收入 (ARPU):~30 美元/年 收入 = 1800 万 × 30 美元 = 每年 5.4 亿美元 减去 ~1 亿美元托管费 -> 4.4 亿美元净收入 这笔收入是经常性、高毛利的,并直接增加 FCF。 _预计年度综合影响:_ 运营支出节省(云)= +1.9 亿美元 付费存储收入 = +5.4 亿美元 存储成本 (COGS) = –1 亿美元 净 FCF 改善 = +6.3 亿美元 _估值重估_ 如果市场基于 ~8.5 亿美元可持续 FCF 对 Snap 进行重估: 应用 35 倍 EV/FCF 倍数(适用于利润率改善的成长型科技公司) EV ≈ 300 亿美元 → 市值 ≈ 310-330 亿美元 激进倍数 FCF 估算 8.5 亿美元 市值 25 倍 × 212.5 亿美元 EV ~ 220-230 亿美元市值(~13-14 美元/股) 30 倍 × 255 亿美元 EV ~ 260 亿美元市值(~15-16 美元/股) 35 倍 × 297.5 亿美元 EV ~ 310-320 亿美元市值(~19-20 美元/股) 从今天的 ~8.50 美元 -> 潜在 +50-100%+ 上涨空间,在 12-18 个月内,假设: - 执行顺利(无重大用户反弹,但我真的不认为用户会离开。)我个人会付费,因为我 5-10 年前用过 Snap,但不希望我的数据被删除。 - 3 次美联储降息压缩贴现率 - 投资者认可远期 FCF 当然,所有这一切都要在 1 年后才会发生。此外,我基于很多假设,例如 2% 的用户会付费(如 Dropbox),而 iCloud 有 60% 的用户。 _只是想给 @fossinvest 打个招呼,这是我做尽职调查 (DD) 时发现的一个小账号。他们也做了计算,但使用了更激进的算法 + 类似的想法,我要感谢他们提供的图片。 我可能在推测数字时出错(例如 1-1.5 亿美元运营支出,1% 的付费用户,但即使这样 FCF 也会得到巨大提升)。 无论如何,这是 SNAP 历史上在收入生成和运营支出削减方面做出的最大实质性改变,理应获得重估。 市场和对冲基金现在开始将其定价,因为他们是前瞻性的,但消化这一消息需要一些时间。

英文原文

The Snapchat Thesis: How a 🐶💩 Stock Re-Rated from Sell to Buy. $SNAP flipped the switch, making their biggest expense a revenue stream. There's two things that SNAP needed to do to grow vs. $META, $RDDT. and... Snapchat finally did it, well one of two. That is: 1. Monetize Memories (Storage) - potential 50%%+ upside. 2. Compete vs Tiktok with a public web app + Tiktok-style feed (1000%+ upside) Snapchat finally flipped the switch with #1 and made their biggest OPEX expense a revenue stream: They monetized storage and deleted wasteful storage. _ Snap brings in $1.35B revenue a quarter and is growing at healthy rates with 1B+ MAU. Despite large revenue numbers, they're not profitable. Why? Because countless people like myself have stored GBs of videos taken from 10 years ago. Snapchat has been paying Google Cloud to store all of that for free. Google Cloud costs just eats so much into its net profits every quarter. So with this recent change - charging users (like iCloud) for storage, which is a huge new revenue stream, On top of reducing OpEx by a massive margin, Snapchat just got a rerating. _ Cloud Cost Breakdown Snap’s cloud infrastructure is one of its largest costs, historically over $2.4B annually (cost of revenue). Most of that is storage + bandwidth for features like Memories and videos. Memories + video archives ≈ 35-40% of cloud spend (estimates) ~90% of users under the 5GB cap (no cost change), but 10% heavy users hold the majority of stored data _ If Snap deletes ~50% of existing stored data (non-paying users’ old videos/photos) Result: 40% of $2.4B = $960M cloud cost baseline tied to Memories 50% reduction in heavy-user storage ~ $480M savings (aggressive est.) After accounting for data migration, partial reallocation, misc: -> Snap may realistically realize ~40% of that, or ~$180–200M OPEX saved annually This goes straight to operating profit + FCF, since it’s a pure cost cut. _ Revenue from Paid Storage (Small User Base Scenario) Assuming a small number of users pay-far less than iCloud’s 60% adoption: MAU: ~900 million, Paying users: 2% (~18 million) Average plan: $2.49/month (most on $1.99 or $3.99 tiers) ARPU: ~$30/year Revenue = 18M × $30 = $540M per year Subtract ~$100M in hosting -> $440M net This revenue is recurring, high-margin, and adds directly to FCF. _ Estimated Combined Annual Impact: OPEX savings (cloud) = +$190M Paid storage revenue= +$540M Storage costs (COGS) = –$100M Net FCF improvement= +$630M _ Valuation Rerating If the market rerates Snap based on ~$850M sustainable FCF: Apply a 35× EV/FCF multiple (typical for growth tech with improving margins) EV ≈ $30B → Market cap ≈ $31–33B Aggressive Multiple FCF est. $850M _ Market Cap 25 × $21.25B EV ~ $22–23B mc (~$13–14/share) 30 x $25.5B EV ~ $26B mc (~$15–16/share) 35 x $29.75B EV ~ $31–32B mc (~$19–20/share) From ~$8.50 today -> potential +50–100%+ upside within 12–18 months, assuming: - Execution is smooth (no major user backlash, but really don't think users would quit.) Personally I'd just pay for it since I used Snap 5-10 years ago but don't want my data deleted. - 3 Fed rate cuts compress discount rates - Investors credit forward FCF Of course, all of this only happens 1 year from now. Also, I'm going off a lot of assumptions, such as 2% of users will pay (eg. Dropbox), vs. ICloud has 60% of users. _ Just thought I'd give a shoutout to @fossinvest, a small account I found while doing DD. They also did the math but used more aggressive calculations + similar idea, I'll give them credit for the image. _ I could be wrong with speculating the numbers (eg. $100-150M opex, and 1% paying users, but even with this FCF gets a huge boost). Either way, this is the largest material change SNAP has made for both revenue generation and operational expense cuts in history and it deserves a re-rating after. Market and hedge funds will now start to price this in since they're forward looking, but will take some time to digest the news.

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